ࡱ> 9 Rbjbj2flBBBB4n& $ j& &! ;!!!   ! !!"h  0z B DQ0: y!y!0^OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004 This version:  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/ Latest version:  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/" http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/ Previous version:  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-semantics-20031215/" http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-semantics-20031215/ Editors:  HYPERLINK "http://www-db.research.bell-labs.com/user/pfps/" Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Bell Labs Research, Lucent Technologies  HYPERLINK "http://www.coginst.uwf.edu/~phayes/" Patrick Hayes, IHMC, University of West Florida  HYPERLINK "http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/" Ian Horrocks, Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester Please refer to the  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/errata" \l "owl-semantics" errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections. This document is also available in this non-normative form:  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/semantics-all.html" single HTML file. See also  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/translation/owl-semantics" translations.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice" \l "Copyright" Copyright 2004  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/" W3C ( HYPERLINK "http://www.csail.mit.edu/" MIT,  HYPERLINK "http://www.ercim.org/" ERCIM,  HYPERLINK "http://www.keio.ac.jp/" Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice" \l "Legal_Disclaimer" liability,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice" \l "W3C_Trademarks" trademark,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents" document use and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software" software licensing rules apply.  Abstract This description of OWL, the Web Ontology Language being designed by the W3C Web Ontology Working Group, contains a high-level abstract syntax for both OWL DL and OWL Lite, sublanguages of OWL. A model-theoretic semantics is given to provide a formal meaning for OWL ontologies written in this abstract syntax. A model-theoretic semantics in the form of an extension to the RDF semantics is also given to provide a formal meaning for OWL ontologies as RDF graphs (OWL Full). A mapping from the abstract syntax to RDF graphs is given and the two model theories are shown to have the same consequences on OWL ontologies that can be written in the abstract syntax. Status of this document This document has been reviewed by W3C Members and other interested parties, and it has been endorsed by the Director as a  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html" \l "RecsW3C" W3C Recommendation. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. This is one of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-features-20040210/" \l "s1.1" six parts of the W3C Recommendation for OWL, the Web Ontology Language. It has been developed by the  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/" Web Ontology Working Group as part of the  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/" W3C Semantic Web Activity ( HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity" Activity Statement,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/charter" Group Charter) for publication on 10 February 2004. The design of OWL expressed in earlier versions of these documents has been widely reviewed and satisfies the Working Group's  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/webont-req/" technical requirements. The Working Group has addressed  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/" all comments received, making changes as necessary. Changes to this document since  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-semantics-20031215/" the Proposed Recommendation version are detailed in the  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "changes-since-PR" change log. Comments are welcome at  HYPERLINK "mailto:public-webont-comments@w3.org" public-webont-comments@w3.org ( HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/" archive) and general discussion of related technology is welcome at  HYPERLINK "mailto:www-rdf-logic@w3.org" www-rdf-logic@w3.org ( HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-logic/" archive). A list of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls" implementations is available. The W3C maintains a list of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/discl" any patent disclosures related to this work. This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/" W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.  Table of contents 1.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "1" Introduction (Informative) 2.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" Abstract Syntax (Normative) 2.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.1" Ontologies 2.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.2" Facts 2.3  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3" Axioms 2.3.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.1" OWL Lite Axioms 2.3.1.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.1.1" OWL Lite Class Axioms 2.3.1.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.1.2" OWL Lite Restrictions 2.3.1.3  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.1.3" OWL Lite Property Axioms 2.3.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2" OWL DL Axioms 2.3.2.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.1" OWL DL Class Axioms 2.3.2.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.2" OWL DL Descriptions 2.3.2.3  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.3" OWL DL Restrictions 2.3.2.4  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.4" OWL DL Property Axioms 3.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" Direct Model-Theoretic Semantics (Normative) 3.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.1" Vocabularies and Interpretations 3.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.2" Interpreting Embedded Constructs 3.3  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.3" Interpreting Axioms and Facts 3.4  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.4" Interpreting Ontologies 4.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" Mapping to RDF Graphs (Normative) 4.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Translation to RDF Graphs 4.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.2" Definition of OWL DL and OWL Lite Ontologies in RDF Graph Form 5.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" RDF-Compatible Model-Theoretic Semantics (Normative) 5.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.1" The OWL and RDF Universes 5.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" OWL Interpretations 5.3  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.3" OWL Full 5.4  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.4" OWL DL Appendix A.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" Proofs (Informative) A.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1" Correspondence between Abstract Syntax and OWL DL A.1.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1.1" Correspondence for Descriptions A.1.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1.2" Correspondence for Directives A.1.3  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1.3" From RDF Semantics to Direct Semantics A.1.4  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1.4" From Direct Semantics to RDF Semantics A.1.5  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1.5" Correspondence Theorem A.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.2" Correspondence between OWL DL and OWL Full Appendix B.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/examples.html" Examples (Informative) B.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/examples.html" \l "B.1" Examples of Mapping from Abstract Syntax to RDF Graphs B.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/examples.html" \l "B.2" Examples of Entailments in OWL DL and OWL Full Appendix C.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "C" Changes since Last Call (Informative) C.1  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "C.1" Substantive changes after Last Call C.2  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "C.2" Editorial changes after Last Call C.3  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "C.3" Substantive changes after Candidate Recommendation C.4  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "C.4" Editorial changes after Candidate Recommendation C.5  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "changes-since-PR" Changes since Proposed Recommendation  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "index" Index of Vocabulary (Informative)  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "acknowledgments" Acknowledgments (Informative)  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "references" References  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "references-normative" Normative References  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "references-other" Other References  1. Introduction (Informative) This document is one part of the specification of OWL, the Web Ontology Language. The OWL Overview [ HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "ref-overview" OWL Overview] describes each of the different documents in the specification and how they fit together. This document contains several interrelated normative specifications of the several styles of OWL, the Web Ontology Language being produced by the  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/" W3C Web Ontology Working Group (WebOnt). First,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2" Section 2 contains a high-level, abstract syntax for both  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "owl-lite" OWL Lite, a subset of OWL, and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "owl-dl" OWL DL, a fuller style of using OWL but one that still places some limitations on how OWL ontologies are constructed. Eliminating these limitations results in the full OWL language, called  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "owl-full" OWL Full, which has the same syntax as RDF. The normative exchange syntax for OWL is RDF/XML [ HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "ref-rdfsyntax" RDF Syntax]; the OWL Reference document [ HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "ref-ref" OWL Reference] shows how the RDF syntax is used in OWL. A mapping from the OWL abstract syntax to  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-concepts-20030123/" \l "section-data-model" RDF graphs [ HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "ref-rdfconcepts" RDF Concepts] is, however, provided in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" Section 4. This document contains two formal semantics for OWL. One of these semantics, defined in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3" Section 3, is a direct, standard model-theoretic semantics for OWL ontologies written in the abstract syntax. The other, defined in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5" Section 5, is a vocabulary extension of the RDF semantics [ HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "ref-rdfmt" RDF Semantics] that provides semantics for OWL ontologies in the form of RDF graphs. Two versions of this second semantics are provided, one that corresponds more closely to the direct semantics (and is thus a semantics for OWL DL) and one that can be used in cases where classes need to be treated as individuals or other situations that cannot be handled in the abstract syntax (and is thus a semantics for OWL Full). These two versions are actually very close, only differing in how they divide up the domain of discourse.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" Appendix A contains a proof that the direct and RDFS-compatible semantics have the same consequences on OWL ontologies that correspond to abstract OWL ontologies that separate OWL individuals, OWL classes, OWL properties, and the RDF, RDFS, and OWL structural vocabulary.  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" Appendix A also contains the sketch of a proof that the entailments in the RDFS-compatible semantics for OWL Full include all the entailments in the RDFS-compatible semantics for OWL DL. Finally a few examples of the various concepts defined in the document are presented in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/examples.html" Appendix B. This document is designed to be read by those interested in the technical details of OWL. It is not particularly intended for the casual reader, who should probably first read the OWL Guide [ HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "ref-guide" OWL Guide]. Developers of parsers and other syntactic tools for OWL will be particularly interested in Sections  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2" 2 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4" 4. Developers of reasoners and other semantic tools for OWL will be particularly interested in Sections  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3" 3 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5" 5.  Appendix C. Changes from Last Call (Informative) This appendix provides an informative account of the changes from the last-call version of this document. All substantive post-last call changes to the document, as well as some editorial post-last-call changes, are indicated in the style of this appendix. C.1 Substantive changes after Last Call This section provides information on the post Last Call changes to the document that make changes to the specification of OWL. [10 April 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html, added owl:Class, owl:Restriction, owl:ObjectProperty, owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:AnnotationProperty, owl:OntologyProperty, owl:Ontology, owl:AllDifferent, owl:FunctionalProperty, owl:InverseFunctionalProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty, and owl:TransitiveProperty to CI in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2. Some of these were inferrable already. [10 April 2003] Related to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html, added owl:distinctMembers to RI in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2. [15 April 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0064.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0064.html, added owl:OntologyProperty to the disallowed vocabulary in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "disallowed_owl_vocabulary" disallowed OWL vocabulary in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.2" Section 4.2. [5 May 2003] Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 1 May 2003 to add owl:Nothing to OWL Lite, recorded in  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0017.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0017.html, changed  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "owl_Nothing_syntax" the introduction of owl:Nothing to so indicate. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "owl_Nothing" index for owl:Nothing was also updated. [9 May 2003] To improve internal consistency, added optional rdf:Property types for Annotation Properties in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1. [30 May 2003] Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 29 May 2003 to modify the mapping of EquivalentClasses, recorded in  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html and in response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0003.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0003.html and  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0052.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0052.html, changed the mapping rule for EquivalentClasses(d1 ... dn) to T(di) owl:equivalentTo T(dj) . for all in G where G is a set of pairs over {1,...,n} that if interpreted as an undirected graph forms a connected graph for {1,...,n}. [30 May 2003] Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 29 May 2003 to add axioms for ontology properties, recorded in  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html, added axioms for ontology properties to the OWL Lite and OWL DL abstract syntax in Sections  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.1.3" 2.3.1.3. and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.4" Section 2.3.2.4; added direct semantics conditions for ontology property axioms in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.3" Section 3.3; and added a mapping for ontology property axioms in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1. Fixed the proofs of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "lemma-2" Lemma 2 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "lemma-3" Lemma 3. [30 May 2003] Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 29 May 2003 to change the semantics for owl:intersectionOf and related resources from an intensional semantics to an extensional semantics, recorded in  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html, modified the semantic conditions for owl:intersectionOf, owl:unionOf, owl:complementOf, and owl:oneOf in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2. No change needed to be made to the proof of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "lemma-1" Lemma 1. Fixed the proofs of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "lemma-4" Lemma 4 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "lemma-2" Lemma 2. [2 June 2003] In response to an observation by Jeremy Carroll in  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html, changed the mapping rule for anonymous individuals with no types slightly in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1. [4 June 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0011.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0011.html, the treatment of datatypes and rdfs:Literal has been slightly changed in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.1.3" Section 2.3.1.3,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.3" Section 2.3.2.3, and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1. [4 June 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html, point owlsas-rdf-equivalent-class, modified the treatment of ontology annotations in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.4" Section 3.4. [5 June 2003] In response to a comment by Jeremy Carroll in  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html, the direct semantics has been modified to allow for domain elements that are not OWL individuals. These domain elements are used to provide meaning for annotations on classes, properties, and ontologies. Changes have been made in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.1" Section 3.1,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.2" Section 3.2,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.3" Section 3.3, and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1" Appendix A.1. [6 June 2003] Changed the treatment of datatypes to correspond with the substantive post-last-call fixes and changes to the treatment of datatypes in RDF. Changes have been made in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.1" Section 3.1 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1" Appendix A.1. [26 June 2003] Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 26 June 2003 to replace owl:sameIndividualAs with owl:sameAs, recorded in  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0364.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0364.html, made changes to  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.2" Section 2.2,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.3" Section 3.3,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.2" Section 4.2,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2, and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.1" Appendix A.1. [30 June 2003] Fixed a bug in the semantic conditions for owl:hasValue noticed by Jeremy Carroll, changing the conditions for the value from a property to an individual or a data value in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2. [23 July 2003] In response to a substantive post-last-call change to the RDF semantics, changing the if-and-only-if conditions for rdfs:subClassOf and rdfs:subPropertyOf to only-if conditions, added if-and-only-if conditions for rdfs:subClassOf, over OWL classes, and rdfs:subPropertyOf, over OWL individual-valued properties and over OWL datatype properties, to  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2. [23 July 2003] In response to a substantive change to the RDF syntax mapping to triples, removing the typing triples for collections, [applicable document unknown], made typing of list resources optional in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1. Also modified an example in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/examples.html" \l "B.1" Appendix B.1. C.2 Editorial changes after Last Call This section provides information on post Last Call editorial changes to the document, i.e., changes that do not affect the specification of OWL. [9 April 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0023.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0023.html, point 2, changed ``most information about properties'' to ``most information concerning properties'' in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3" Section 2.3. [14 April 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html, point 1, added ``Because there is no standard way to go from a URI reference to an XML Schema datatype in an XML Schema, there is no standard way to use user-defined XML Schema datatypes in OWL.'' to the discussion of allowable XML Schema datatypes in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2" Section 2. [14 April 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html, point 2.1, added ``(The property rdf:type is added to the annotation properties so as to provide a meaning for deprecation, see  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "owl_DeprecatedClass_semantics" below.)'' after ``ER provides meaning for URI references that are used as OWL properties.'' in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.1" Section 3.1. [14 April 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html, point 2.3, added ``A datatype theory must contain datatypes for xsd:string and xsd:integer. It may contain datatypes for the other  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "owl_built_in_datatypes" built-in XML Schema datatypes that are suitable for use in OWL. It may also contain other datatypes, but there is no provision in the OWL syntax for conveying what these datatypes are.'' just after the definition of a datatype theory in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.1" Section 3.1. [14 April 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html, point 2.5, added ``annotations'' the the list of things that EC is extended to in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.2" Section 3.2. [9 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html, point owlsas-rdf-datatype-denotation, removed the phrase ``as in RDF'' from  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.1" Section 2.1. [9 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html, point owlsas-rdf-equivalent-class, added an explanation of why one might admit EquivalentClasses with only one description in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.1" Section 2.3.2.1. [9 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html, added ``, for n>=1 '' in the semantic condition for multi-restrictions in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.2" Section 3.2. [9 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html, changed to ``include class identifiers and restrictions'' in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.3.2.2" Section 2.3.2.2 and ``Elements of the OWL vocabulary that construct descriptions'' in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2. [13 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0180.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0180.html, the links in the table of contents for in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" Appendix A were fixed. [14 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0030.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0030.html, added a new paragraph to the beginning of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" Section 4. [14 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html, made some changes to the wording on OWL ontologies in the abstract syntax near the beginning of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.1" Section 2.1. [14 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html, added anchors to the transformations in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1. [14 May 2003] In response to some discussion about ontology names changed the discussion of the purpose of ontology names in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.1" Section 2.1. [22 May 2003] In response to a message from Jeff Heflin,  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0302.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0302.html, added a comment to the effect tools should determine entailment between imports closures in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.3" Section 5.3 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.4" Section 5.4. (Removed on 27 May 2003.) [22 May 2003] Changed ``consistent with the Web'' to ``imports closed''  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.3" Section 5.3 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" Appendix A. [26 May 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0335.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0335.html, changed several `if' to `iff' in definitions in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.4" Section 3.4,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.3" Section 5.3, and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.4" Section 5.4. This is editorial as complete definitions are often written using `if'. [30 May 2003] Fixed a typographical error in the proof of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "lemma-4" Lemma 4. [4 June 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html, points 2.2 and 2.3, the status of rdfs:Literal and rdf:XMLLiteral has been clarified in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" Section 2,  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.1" Section 2.1, and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.2" Section 4.2. [19 June 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0257.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0257.html, changed to note after the proof of  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "theorem-2" Theorem 2 in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/proofs.html" \l "A.2" Appendix A.2 to note that the converse of the theorem is not true. [19 June 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0055.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0055.html, changed some explanatory text concerning the transformation to triples in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/mapping.html" \l "4.1" Section 4.1. [19 June 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0264.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0264.html, added introductory material about the other WebOnt documents to  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "1" Section 1. [24 June 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0069.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0069.html, added note about correspondence to existing DLs to  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2" Section 2. [22 July 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0011.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0011.html and  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0041.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0041.html, changed several uses of ``object'' to ``individual'' or ``individual-valued'' in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2" Section 2 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2 and made other editorial changes to  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/rdfs.html" \l "5.2" Section 5.2. [23 July 2003] To remove any reference to tools, made wording changes in  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/direct.html" \l "3.1" Section 3.1 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/syntax.html" \l "2.1" Section 2.1, concerning the treatment of datatypes. [25 July 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0064.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0064.html, added explicit tagging of the informative or normative nature of all sections. [25 July 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0296.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0296.html, removed a comment about the relationship between the two model theories from  HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/" \l "1" Section 1. [6 August 2003] In response to  HYPERLINK "http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0015.html" http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0015.html, changed _no./RSUhi+,DEopab01I J S T \ ] } ~ 0J>*B*OJQJ^Jph0J>*B*OJQJ^Jph0JOJQJ^JB*OJQJ^JphjB*OJQJU^Jph5B*OJQJ\^JphE:_nUhM E]~ i.[$[$\$[$\$^   ( ) z { ) * 6 7 < = E]&'9: UV_`AB[\^_0JOJQJ^J0J>*B*OJQJ^JphB*OJQJ^JphB*H*OJQJ^JphjB*OJQJU^JphL_DEZ[pq{|45<=z{IJYZμ"j0JB*OJQJU^Jph0JB*OJQJ^Jph0JOJQJ^JjB*OJQJU^JphB*OJQJ^JphJ-./0BEF#${|JKQRZ[ʺ}}t}}}t}}}t}}}t}0JOJQJ^JjB*OJQJU^Jph0J5OJQJ\^J$j5B*OJQJU\^Jph5B*OJQJ\^JphjB*OJQJU^JphB*OJQJ^Jph0JB*OJQJ^Jph0J6OJQJ]^J"j0JB*OJQJU^Jph-.0BTDA-### !! " & F:dd[$\$ & F:dd[$\$ & F:dd[$\$ & F:dd[$\$+,ABLM%&>?GH*+56   !+,#'( ! ͺͺ0J5OJQJ\^J$j5B*OJQJU\^Jph5B*OJQJ\^Jph0JOJQJ^JjB*OJQJU^JphB*OJQJ^JphD! ' (  !!!!!j!k!!!!!!!!"" 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